Persistent throat pain, a chronic cough, and difficulty swallowing could be early signs of throat cancer, doctors and cancer researchers have warned, urging people to seek medical advice if such symptoms persist beyond a few weeks.
Throat cancer, which affects the pharynx, larynx, or tonsils, often goes undetected in its early stages due to its resemblance to common infections or allergies. However, specialists are now stressing the importance of recognizing subtle but consistent symptoms that may indicate something more serious.
According to oncologists, a sore throat that does not improve with usual medication, a persistent feeling of something stuck in the throat, or unexplained changes in voice quality could all be indicators of early-stage malignancy in the throat or larynx.
“People often dismiss these symptoms as a result of pollution, allergies, or seasonal flu. But if a throat ache continues for more than three weeks, or if swallowing becomes painful or labored, it’s time to consult a specialist,” said Dr. Anil Mehra, a head and neck cancer surgeon at Delhi’s Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute.
Early symptoms of throat cancer may include:
- Continuous sore throat or hoarseness
- Pain or difficulty while swallowing
- A lump in the neck or throat
- Chronic cough that does not resolve
- Ear pain without signs of infection
- Sudden weight loss or fatigue
Recent case studies suggest that many patients ignore these signs until the disease progresses to a more advanced stage, where treatment options become more aggressive and outcomes less favorable. ENT specialists say that delays in diagnosis often occur because patients self-medicate or attribute symptoms to benign conditions.
India reports thousands of throat cancer cases annually, many of them linked to tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse, and viral infections like HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Men above the age of 40 remain the most affected group, though cases among younger populations have been rising.
“Early detection greatly improves survival rates. If caught in Stage I or II, most patients respond well to treatment and have a high chance of recovery,” said Dr. Renu Aggarwal, a clinical oncologist in Mumbai. “Unfortunately, the majority of patients come in at Stage III or IV.”
Public health experts are urging more awareness around routine screening and symptom monitoring, especially for those in high-risk groups such as smokers, individuals with a history of heavy alcohol use, or those exposed to environmental carcinogens.
Doctors also emphasize that not all persistent throat symptoms are cancer, but persistent or worsening issues should never be ignored. Laryngoscopy, imaging tests, and biopsy remain the standard for confirming diagnosis if throat cancer is suspected.
With rising cases globally and in India, medical professionals are calling for targeted awareness campaigns that help people distinguish between short-term infections and potential warning signs of serious illnesses like throat cancer.
Specialists recommend that anyone experiencing two or more of these symptoms for over two weeks should consult an ENT doctor or oncologist without delay.
